| .a |
sumti or |
logical connective:
sumti afterthought or |
| .abu |
a |
letteral for a |
| .a'o |
hope |
attitudinal: hope
– despair |
| .a'u |
interest |
attitudinal: interest
– disinterest – repulsion |
| .ai |
desire |
attitudinal: intent
– indecision – rejection/refusal |
| .au |
desire |
attitudinal: desire
– indifference – reluctance |
| .e |
sumti and |
logical connective:
sumti afterthought and |
| .ebu |
e |
letteral for e |
| .e'e |
competence |
attitudinal:
competence – incompetence/inability |
| .ei |
obligation |
attitudinal:
obligation – freedom |
| .enai |
sumti but not |
logical connective:
sumti afterthought x but not y |
| .e'o |
request |
attitudinal: request
– negative request |
| .e'u |
suggestion |
attitudinal:
suggestion – abandon suggest – warning |
| .i ja |
sentence or |
logical connective:
sentence afterthought or |
| .i je |
sentence and |
logical connective:
sentence afterthought and |
| .i je'i |
sentence conn? |
logical connective:
sentence afterthought connective question |
| .i jenai |
sentence but not |
logical connective:
sentence afterthought x but not y |
| .i jo |
sentence iff |
logical connective:
sentence afterthought biconditional/iff/if-and-only-if |
| .i jonai |
sentence xor |
logical connective:
sentence afterthought exclusive or |
| .i ju |
sentence whether |
logical connective:
sentence afterthought whether-or-not |
| .i naja |
sentence only if |
logical connective:
sentence afterthought conditional/only if |
| .i |
sentence link |
sentence
link/continuation; continuing sentences on same topic |
| .ia |
belief |
attitudinal: belief
– skepticism – disbelief |
| .ibu |
i |
letteral for i |
| .i'e |
approval |
attitudinal: approval
– non-approval – disapproval |
| .ie |
agreement |
attitudinal: agreement
– disagreement |
| .ii |
fear |
attitudinal: fear
– security |
| .iu |
love |
attitudinal: love
– no love lost – hatred |
| .o |
sumti iff |
logical connective:
sumti afterthought biconditional/iff/if-and-only-if |
| .obu |
o |
letteral for o |
| .oi |
complaint |
attitudinal: complaint
– pleasure |
| .onai |
sumti xor |
logical connective:
sumti afterthought exclusive or |
| .o'o |
patience |
attitudinal: patience
– mere tolerance – anger |
| .o'u |
relaxation |
attitudinal:
relaxation – composure – stress |
| .u |
sumti whether |
logical connective:
sumti afterthought whether-or-not |
| .ua |
discovery |
attitudinal: discovery
– confusion/searching |
| .ubu |
u |
letteral for u |
| .u'e |
wonder |
attitudinal: wonder
– commonplace |
| .ue |
surprise |
attitudinal: surprise
– not really surprised – expectation |
| .u'i |
amusement |
attitudinal: amusement
– weariness |
| .ui |
happiness |
attitudinal: happiness
– unhappiness |
| .u'u |
repentance |
attitudinal:
repentance – lack of regret – innocence |
| .uu |
pity |
attitudinal: pity
– cruelty |
| .y |
hesitation |
'er' (hesitation) |
| .ybu |
y |
letteral for y |
| .y'y |
' |
letteral for ' |
| .y'ybu |
h |
letteral for h |
| ba |
after |
time tense
relation/direction: will [selbri]; after [sumti]; default future
tense |
| badri |
sad |
x1 is
sad/depressed/dejected/[unhappy/feels sorrow/grief] about
x2 (abstraction) |
| ba'e |
emphasize next |
forethought emphasis
indicator; indicates next word is especially emphasized |
| bai |
compelled by |
bapli modal, 1st place
(forced by) forcedly; compelled by force ... |
| bajra |
run |
x1 runs on
surface x2 using limbs x3 with gait
x4 |
| bakfu |
bundle |
x1 is a
bundle/package/cluster/clump/pack [shape/form] containing
x2, held together by x3 |
| bakni |
bovine |
x1 is a
cow/cattle/kine/ox/[bull/steer/calf] [beef-producer/bovine] of
species/breed x2 |
| bangrnesperanto |
Esperanto |
x1 is the
language Esperanto used by x2 to express/communicate
x3 (si'o/du'u, not quote) |
| bangu |
language |
x1 is a/the
language/dialect used by x2 to express/communicate
x3 (si'o/du'u, not quote) |
| banli |
great |
x1 is
great/grand in property x2 (ka) by standard
x3 |
| banxa |
bank |
x1 is a
bank owned by/in banking system x2 for banking
function(s) x3 (event) |
| ba'o |
perfective |
interval event
contour: in the aftermath of ...; since ...; perfective |
| bapli |
force |
x1 [force]
(ka) forces/compels event x2 to occur; x1
determines property x2 to manifest |
| barda |
big |
x1 is
big/large in property/dimension(s) x2 as compared with
standard/norm x3 |
| barja |
bar |
x1 is a
tavern/bar/pub serving x2 to audience/patrons
x3 |
| bartu |
out |
x1 is on
the outside of x2; x1 is exterior to
x2 |
| batci |
bite |
x1
bites/pinches x2 on/at specific locus x3 with
x4 |
| ba'u |
exaggeration |
exaggeration –
accuracy – understatement |
| bau |
in language |
bangu modal, 1st place
in language ... |
| be |
link sumti |
sumti link to attach
sumti (default x2) to a selbri; used in
descriptions |
| bebna |
foolish |
x1 is
foolish/silly in event/action/property [folly] (ka) x2;
x1 is a boob |
| be'e |
request to send |
vocative: request to
send/speak |
| bei |
link more sumti |
separates multiple
linked sumti within a selbri; used in descriptions |
| benji |
transfer |
x1
transfers/sends/transmits x2 to receiver x3
from transmitter/origin x4 via means/medium
x5 |
| be'o |
end linked sumti |
elidable terminator:
end linked sumti in specified description |
| berti |
north |
x1 is to
the north/northern side [right-hand-rule pole] of x2
according to frame of reference x3 |
| bevri |
carry |
x1
carries/hauls/bears/transports cargo x2 to x3
from x4 over path x5; x1 is a
carrier/[porter] |
| bi |
8 |
digit/number: 8 |
| bi'i |
unordered
interval |
non-logical interval
connective: unordered between ... and ... |
| bilga |
obliged |
x1 is
bound/obliged to/has the duty to do/be x2 in/by
standard/agreement x3; x1 must do
x2 |
| bilma |
ill |
x1 is
ill/sick/diseased with symptoms x2 from disease
x3 |
| binxo |
become |
x1
becomes/changes/converts/transforms into x2 under
conditions x3 |
| bi'o |
ordered interval |
non-logical interval
connective: ordered from ... to ... |
| birje |
beer |
x1 is made
of/contains/is a amount of beer/ale/brew brewed from
x2 |
| birka |
arm |
x1 is a/the
arm [body-part] of x2 |
| birti |
certain |
x1 is
certain/sure/positive/convinced that x2 is true |
| blabi |
white |
x1 is white
/ very light-coloured |
| bo |
short scope link |
short scope joiner;
joins various constructs with shortest scope and right
grouping |
| boi |
end number or
lerfu |
elidable terminator:
terminate numeral or letteral string |
| botpi |
bottle |
x1 is a
bottle/jar/urn/flask/closable container for x2, made of
material x3 with lid x4 |
| bredi |
ready |
x1 is
ready/prepared for x2 (event) |
| bridi |
predicate |
x1 (text)
is a predicate relationship with relation x2 among
arguments (sequence/set) |
| briju |
office |
x1 is an
office/bureau/work-place of worker x2 at location
x3 |
| bruna |
brother |
x1 is
brother of/fraternal to x2 by
bond/tie/standard/parent(s) x3; [not necess.
biological] |
| budjo |
Buddhist |
x1 pertains
to the Buddhist culture/religion/ethos in aspect x2 |
| burna |
embarassed |
x1 is
embarrassed/disconcerted/flustered/ill-at-ease about/under
conditions x2 (abstraction) |
| bu'u |
coincident with |
location tense
relation/direction; coincident with/at the same place as; space
equivalent of ca |
| by |
b |
letteral for b |
| ca |
during |
time tense
relation/direction: is [selbri]; during/simultaneous with [sumti];
present tense |
| cabdei |
today |
x1 is today
(cabna 'now' + djedi 'day') |
| cacra |
hour |
x1 is
x2 hours in duration (default is 1 hour) by standard
x3 |
| cadzu |
walk |
x1
walks/strides/paces on surface x2 using limbs
x3 |
| cai |
intense emotion |
attitudinal: strong
intensity attitude modifier |
| ca'o |
continuative |
interval event
contour: during ...; continuative) |
| carna |
turn |
x1
turns/rotates/revolves around axis x2 in direction
x3 |
| carvi |
rain |
x1
rains/showers/[precipitates] to x2 from x3;
x1 is precipitation [not limited to 'rain'] |
| casnu |
discuss |
x1(s) (mass
normally, but 1 individual/jo'u possible) discuss(es)/talk(s) about
topic/subject x2 |
| catke |
shove |
x1 [agent]
shoves/pushes x2 at locus x3 |
| catlu |
look |
x1 looks
at/examines/views/inspects/regards/watches/gazes at x2
[compare with zgani] |
| catra |
kill |
x1 (agent)
kills/slaughters/murders x2 by action/method
x3 |
| ce |
in a set with |
non-logical
connective: set link, unordered; 'and also', but forming a set |
| ce'o |
in a sequence
with |
non-logical
connective: ordered sequence link; 'and then', forming a
sequence |
| certu |
expert |
x1 is an
expert/pro/has prowess in/is skilled at x2
(event/activity) by standard x3 |
| ce'u |
lambda |
pseudo-quantifier
binding a variable within an abstraction that represents an open
place |
| cevni |
god |
x1 is a/the
god/deity of people(s)/religion x2 with dominion over
x3 [sphere]; x1 is divine |
| cfari |
initiate |
x1
[state/event/process] commences/initiates/starts/begins to occur;
(intransitive verb) |
| cfipu |
confusing |
x1
(event/state) confuses/baffles x2 [observer] due to
[confusing] property x3 (ka) |
| ci |
3 |
digit/number: 3 |
| cidja |
food |
x1 is
food/feed/nutriment for x2; x1 is
edible/gives nutrition to x2 |
| cidjrkari |
curry |
x1 is a
quantity of curry |
| cidjrkebabi |
kebab |
x1 is a
kebab |
| cidro |
hydrogen |
x1 is a
quantity of/contains/is made of hydrogen (H) |
| cifnu |
infant |
x1 is an
infant/baby [helpless through youth/incomplete development] of
species x2 |
| cilre |
learn |
x1 learns
x2 (du'u) about subject x3 from source
x4 (obj./event) by method x5
(event/process) |
| cinba |
kiss |
x1 (agent)
kisses/busses x2 at locus x3 |
| cinmo |
emotion |
x1 feels
emotion x2 (ka) about x3 |
| cinri |
interesting |
x1
(abstraction) interests/is interesting to x2;
x2 is interested in x1 |
| cinse |
sexual |
x1 in
activity/state x2 exhibits sexuality/gender/sexual
orientation x3 (ka) by standard x4 |
| cinta |
paint |
x1
[material] is a paint of pigment/active substance x2, in
a base of x3 |
| cinynei |
fancy |
x1 fancies
x2 (cinse 'sex' +
nelci 'like') |
| cipni |
bird |
x1 is a
bird/avian/fowl of species x2 |
| cipra |
test |
x1
(process/event) is a test for/proof of property/state x2
in subject x3 (individ./set/mass) |
| cirla |
cheese |
x1 is a
quantity of/contains cheese/curd from source x2 |
| ciska |
write |
x1
inscribes/writes x2 on display/storage medium
x3 with writing implement x4; x1
is a scribe |
| cisma |
smile |
x1
smiles/grins (facial expression) |
| cismyfra |
smile at |
x1
reacts/responds/answers by smiling to stimulus x2 under
conditions x3 [cisma
(smile) + frati (react)] |
| citka |
eat |
x1
eats/ingests/consumes (transitive verb) x2 |
| citsi |
season |
x1 is a
season/is seasonal [cyclical interval], defined by
interval/property x2, of year(s) x3 |
| cizra |
strange |
x1 is
strange/weird/deviant/bizarre/odd to x2 in property
x3 (ka) |
| ckafi |
coffee |
x1 is made
of/contains/is a quantity of coffee from source/bean/grain
x2 |
| ckasu |
ridicule |
x1
ridicules/mocks/scoffs at x2 about x3
(property/event) by doing activity x4 (event) |
| ckire |
grateful |
x1 is
grateful/thankful to/appreciative of x2 for
x3 (event/property) |
| ckule |
school |
x1 is
school/institute/academy at x2 teaching subject(s)
x3 to audien./commun. x4 operated by
x5 |
| clani |
long |
x1 is long
in dimension/direction x2 (default longest dimension) by
measurement standard x3 |
| cladu |
loud |
x1 is
loud/noisy at observation point x2 by standard
x3 |
| clira |
early |
x1 (event)
is early by standard x2 |
| clite |
polite |
x1 is
polite/courteous/civil in matter x2 according to
standard/custom x3 |
| cliva |
leave |
x1 leaves
x2 via route x3 |
| cmaci |
mathematics |
x1 is a
mathematics of type/describing x2 |
| cmalu |
small |
x1 is small
in property/dimension(s) x2 (ka) as compared with
standard/norm x3 |
| cmavo |
structure word |
x1 is a
structure word of grammatical class x2, with
meaning/function x3 in usage (language)
x4 |
| cmene |
name |
x1 (quoted
word(s)) is a/the name/title/tag of x2 to/used-by
namer/name-user x3 (person) |
| cmila |
laugh |
x1
laughs |
| cmima |
member |
x1 is a
member/element of set x2; x1 belongs to group
x2; x1 is amid/among/amongst group
x2 |
| cmoni |
moan |
x1 utters
moan/groan/howl/scream [non-linguistic utterance] x2
expressing x3 (property) |
| cnino |
new |
x1 is
new/unfamiliar/novel to observer x2 in feature
x3 (ka) by standard x4; x1 is a
novelty |
| cnita |
beneath |
x1 is
directly/vertically beneath/below/under/underneath/down from
x2 in frame of reference x3 |
| co'a |
initiative |
interval event
contour: at the starting point of ...; initiative |
| co'e |
unspecified
selbri |
elliptical/unspecified
bridi relationship |
| coi |
greetings |
vocative:
greetings/hello |
| co'o |
partings |
vocative:
partings/good-bye |
| co'u |
cessative |
interval event
contour: at the ending point of ... even if not done;
cessative |
| cpedu |
request |
x1
requests/asks/petitions/solicits for x2 of/from
x3 in manner/form x4 |
| cpina |
pungent |
x1 is
pungent/piquant/peppery/spicy/irritating to sense
x2 |
| cradi |
radio |
x1
broadcasts/transmits [using radio waves] x2 via
station/frequency x3 to [radio] receiver
x4 |
| crane |
front |
x1 is
anterior/ahead/forward/(in/on) the front of x2 which
faces/in-frame-of-reference x3 |
| cremau |
more expert |
x1 is more
expert/pro/has prowess than x2 in/is more skilled at
x3 by standard x4, by amount/excess
x5 (certu 'expert' +
zmadu 'more') |
| cribe |
bear |
x1 is a
bear/ursoid of species/breed x2 |
| crida |
fairy |
x1 is a
fairy/elf/gnome/brownie/pixie/goblin/kobold [mythical humanoid] of
mythos/religion x2 |
| crino |
green |
x1 is
green |
| crisa |
summer |
x1 is
summer/summertime [hot season] of year x2 at location
x3 |
| critu |
autumn |
x1 is
autumn/fall [harvest/cooling season] of year x2 at
location x3 |
| ctebi |
lip |
x1 is a/the
lip [body-part]/rim of orifice x2 of body x3;
(adjective:) x1 is labial |
| ctuca |
teach |
x1 teaches
audience x2 ideas/methods/lore x3 (du'u)
about subject(s) x4 by method x5 (event) |
| cu |
selbri separator |
elidable marker:
separates selbri from preceding sumti, allows preceding terminator
elision |
| cu'i |
neutral emotion |
attitudinal: neutral
scalar attitude modifier |
| cukta |
book |
x1 is a
book about subject/theme/story x2 by author
x3 for audience x4 preserved in medium
x5 |
| culno |
full |
x1 is
full/completely filled with x2 |
| cupra |
produce |
x1 produces
x2 [product] by process x3 |
| curmi |
let |
x1 (agent)
lets/permits/allows x2 (event) under conditions
x3; x1 grants privilege x2 |
| cusku |
express |
x1
expresses/says x2 for audience x3 via
expressive medium x4 |
| cu'u |
as said by |
cusku modal, 1st place
(attribution/quotation) as said by source ...; used for
quotation |
| cy |
c |
letteral for c |
| da |
something #1 |
logically quantified
existential pro-sumti: there exists something #1 (usually
restricted) |
| dable'a |
conquer |
x1
conquers/siezes x2 from x3 ('war-take') |
| da'i |
supposing |
discursive: supposing
– in fact |
| dai |
empathy |
attitudinal modifier:
marks empathetic use of preceding attitudinal; shows another's
feelings |
| danfu |
answer |
x1 is the
answer/response/solution/[reply] to question/problem
x2 |
| dansu |
dance |
x1
(individual, mass) dances to accompaniment/music/rhythm
x2 |
| dansydi'u |
disco |
x1 is a
disco (dansu 'dance' + dinju 'building') |
| dapma |
curse |
x1
curses/damns/condemns x2 to fate (event)
x3 |
| daptutra |
hell |
x1 is the
territory of damnation by x2 (dapma 'curse' + tutra 'territory') |
| darxi |
hit |
x1
hits/strikes/[beats] x2 with instrument [or body-part]
x3 at locus x4 |
| dasni |
wear |
x1 wears/is
robed/garbed in x2 as a garment of type
x3 |
| dau |
10 |
digit/number: hex
digit A |
| de |
something #2 |
logically quantified
existential pro-sumti: there exists something #2 (usually
restricted) |
| de'i |
dated |
detri modal, 1st place
(for letters) dated ... ; attaches date stamp |
| denpa |
wait |
x1
awaits/waits/pauses for/until x2 at state x3
before starting/continuing x4 (activity/process) |
| detri |
date |
x1 is the
date [day,{week},{month},year] of event/state x2, at
location x3, by calendar x4 |
| di |
something #3 |
logically quantified
existential pro-sumti: there exists something #3 (usually
restricted) |
| dicra |
interrupt |
x1 (event)
interrupts/stops/halts/[disrupts] x2
(object/event/process) due to quality x3 |
| dikca |
electric |
x1 is
electricity [electric charge or current] in/on x2 of
polarity/quantity x3 (def. negative) |
| dilnu |
cloud |
x1 is a
cloud/mass of clouds of material x2 in air mass
x3 at floor/base elevation x4 |
| dinske |
economics |
x1 is
economics based on methodology x2 (jdini 'money' + saske 'science') |
| dirba |
dear |
x1 is
dear/precious/darling to x2; x1 is
emotionally valued by x2 |
| djacu |
water |
x1 is made
of/contains/is a quantity/expanse of water; (adjective:)
x1 is aqueous/[aquatic] |
| djedi |
full day |
x1 is
x2 full days in duration (default is 1 day) by standard
x3; (adjective:) x1 is diurnal |
| djica |
want |
x1
desires/wants/wishes x2 (event/state) for purpose
x3 |
| djuno |
know |
x1 knows
fact(s) x2 (du'u) about subject x3 by
epistemology x4 |
| do |
you |
pro-sumti: you
listener(s); identified by vocative |
| doi |
vocative marker |
generic vocative
marker; identifies intended listener; elidable after COI |
| dotco |
German |
x1 reflects
German/Germanic culture/nationality/language in aspect
x2 |
| draci |
drama |
x1 is a
drama/play about x2 [plot/theme/subject] by dramatist
x3 for audience x4 with actors
x5 |
| drani |
correct |
x1 is
correct/proper/right/perfect in property/aspect x2 (ka)
in situation x3 by standard x4 |
| drata |
other |
x1 isn't
the-same-thing-as/is different-from/other-than x2 by
standard x3; x1 is something else |
| du |
same identity as |
identity selbri; =
sign; x1 identically equals x2,
x3, etc.; attached sumti refer to same thing |
| du'e |
too many |
digit/number: too
many |
| dukse |
excess |
x1 is an
excess of/too much of x2 by standard x3 |
| dunda |
give |
x1 [donor]
gives/donates gift/present x2 to recipient/beneficiary
x3 [without payment/exchange] |
| dunku |
anguish |
x1 is
anguished/distressed/emotionally wrought/stressed by
x2 |
| dunli |
equal |
x1 is
equal/congruent to/as much as x2 in
property/dimension/quantity x3 |
| dunra |
winter |
x1 is
winter/wintertime [cold season] of year x2 at
location |
| du'u |
bridi abstract |
abstractor:
predication/bridi abstractor; x1 is predication [bridi]
expressed in sentence x2 |
| dy |
d |
letteral for d |
| dzena |
elder |
x1 is an
elder/ancestor of x2 by bond/tie/degree x3;
x1's generation precedes x2's parents |
| fa |
1st sumti place |
sumti place tag: tag
1st sumti place |
| fa'a |
towards point |
location tense
relation/direction; arriving at/directly towards ... |
| facki |
discover |
x1
discovers/finds out x2 (du'u) about subject/object
x3; x1 finds (fi) x3 (object) |
| fagri |
fire |
x1 is a
fire/flame in fuel x2 burning-in/reacting-with oxidizer
x3 (default air/oxygen) |
| fai |
extra sumti place |
sumti place tag: tag a
sumti moved out of numbered place structure; used in modal
conversions |
| falcru |
drop |
x1 allows
x2 to fall/drop to x3 in gravity well/frame
of reference x4 |
| fange |
alien |
x1 is
alien/foreign/[exotic]/unfamiliar to x2 in property
x3 (ka) |
| fanva |
translate |
x1
translates x2 to language x3 from language
x4 with translation-result x5 |
| fanza |
annoy |
x1 (event)
annoys/irritates/bothers/distracts x2 |
| farlu |
fall |
x1
falls/drops to x2 from x3 in gravity
well/frame of reference x4 |
| farna |
direction |
x1 is the
direction of x2 (object/event) from origin/in frame of
reference x3 |
| fasnu |
event |
x1 (event)
is an event that happens/occurs/takes place; x1 is an
incident/happening/occurrence |
| fatci |
fact |
x1 (du'u)
is a fact/reality/truth/actuality, in the absolute |
| fa'u |
and respectively |
non-logical
connective: respectively; unmixed ordered distributed
association |
| fau |
in the event of |
fasnu modal, 1st place
(non-causal) in the event of ... |
| fe |
2nd sumti place |
sumti place tag: tag
2nd sumti place |
| fei |
11 |
digit/number: hex
digit B |
| fekpre |
crazy |
x1 is an
insane, crazy person (fenki 'crazy'
+ prenu 'person') |
| fengu |
angry |
x1 is
angry/mad at x2 for x3
(action/state/property) |
| fenki |
crazy |
x1
(action/event) is crazy/insane/mad/frantic/in a frenzy (one sense)
by standard x2 |
| fe'o |
over and out |
vocative: over and out
(end discussion) |
| fi |
3rd sumti place |
sumti place tag: tag
3rd sumti place |
| fi'e |
created by |
finti modal, 1st place
(creator) created by ... |
| fi'i |
hospitality |
vocative: hospitality
– inhospitality; you are welcome/ make yourself at home |
| finpe |
fish |
x1 is a
fish of species x2 [metaphorical extension to sharks,
non-fish aquatic vertebrates] |
| finti |
invent |
x1
invents/creates/composes/authors x2 for function/purpose
x3 from existing elements/ideas x4 |
| fi'u |
fraction slash |
digit/number: fraction
slash; default "/n" → 1/n, "n/" → n/1, or "/" alone
→ golden ratio |
| fo |
4th sumti place |
sumti place tag: tag
4th sumti place |
| fo'a |
it #6 |
pro-sumti:
he/she/it/they #6 (specified by goi) |
| fo'e |
it #7 |
pro-sumti:
he/she/it/they #7 (specified by goi) |
| fo'i |
it #8 |
pro-sumti:
he/she/it/they #8 (specified by goi) |
| fonxa |
telephone |
x1 is a
telephone transceiver/modem attached to system/network
x2 |
| fo'o |
it #9 |
pro-sumti:
he/she/it/they #9 (specified by goi) |
| fo'u |
it #10 |
pro-sumti:
he/she/it/they #10 (specified by goi) |
| fraso |
French |
x1 reflects
French/Gallic culture/nationality/language in aspect
x2 |
| frati |
react |
x1
reacts/responds/answers with action x2 to stimulus
x3 under conditions x4; x1 is
responsive |
| frumu |
frown |
x1
frowns/grimaces (facial expression) |
| fu |
5th sumti place |
sumti place tag: tag
5th sumti place |
| fusra |
rotten |
x1
rots/decays/ferments with decay/fermentation agent x2;
x1 is rotten/decayed/fermented |
| fy |
f |
letteral for f |
| ga |
fore or |
logical connective:
forethought all but tanru-internal or |
| gacri |
cover |
x1 is a
cover/[lid/top] for covering/concealing/sheltering
x2 |
| gai |
12 |
digit/number: hex
digit C |
| gairgau |
cover |
x1
[person/agent] places x2 as a cover/[lid/top] on
x3 (gacri 'cover' +
gasnu 'do') |
| galfi |
modify |
x1 (event)
modifies/alters/changes/transforms/converts x2 into
x3 |
| ganai |
fore only if |
logical connective:
forethought all but tanru-internal conditional/only if |
| ganlo |
closed |
x1
(portal/passage/entrance-way) is closed/shut/not open, preventing
passage/access to x2 by x3 |
| gasnu |
do |
x1
[person/agent] is an agentive cause of event x2;
x1 does/brings about x2 |
| ge |
fore and |
logical connective:
forethought all but tanru-internal and |
| ge'i |
fore conn? |
logical connective:
forethought all but tanru-internal connective question |
| gerku |
dog |
x1 is a
dog/canine/[bitch] of species/breed x2 |
| gerna |
grammar |
x1 is the
grammar/rules/defining form of language x2 for
structure/text x3 |
| gi |
connective medial |
logical connective:
all but tanru-internal forethought connective medial marker |
| gi'a |
bridi or |
logical connective:
bridi-tail afterthought or |
| gi'e |
bridi and |
logical connective:
bridi-tail afterthought and |
| gi'enai |
bridi but not |
logical connective:
bridi-tail afterthought x but not y |
| gi'i |
bridi conn? |
logical connective:
bridi-tail afterthought connective question |
| gi'o |
bridi iff |
logical connective:
bridi-tail afterthought biconditional/iff/if-and-only-if |
| gi'onai |
bridi xor |
logical connective:
bridi-tail afterthought exclusive or |
| gismu |
root word |
x1 is a
(Lojban) root word expressing relation x2 among argument
roles x3, with affix(es) |
| gi'u |
bridi whether |
logical connective:
bridi-tail afterthought whether-or-not |
| glare |
hot |
x1 is
hot/[warm] by standard x2 |
| gleki |
happy |
x1 is
happy/gay/merry/glad/gleeful about x2 (event/state) |
| gletu |
copulate |
x1
copulates/mates/has coitus/sexual intercourse with
x2 |
| glico |
English |
x1 is
English/pertains to English-speaking culture in aspect
x2 |
| go |
fore iff |
logical connective:
forethought all but tanru-internal
biconditional/iff/if-and-only-if |
| go'i |
last bridi |
pro-bridi: preceding
bridi; in answer to a yes/no question, repeats the claim, meaning
yes |
| goi |
pro-sumti assign |
sumti assignment; used
to define/assign ko'a/fo'a series pro-sumti |
| gonai |
fore xor |
logical connective:
forethought all but tanru-internal exclusive or |
| grana |
rod |
x1 is a
rod/pole/staff/stick/cane [shape/form] of material
x2 |
| gu |
fore whether |
logical connective:
forethought all but tanru-internal whether-or-not |
| gu'a |
fore or |
logical connective:
forethought all but tanru-internal or |
| gu'anai |
fore only if |
logical connective:
forethought all but tanru-internal conditional/only if |
| gubni |
public |
x1 is
public/un-hidden/open/jointly available to/owned by all among
community x2 (mass) |
| gu'e |
fore and |
logical connective:
forethought all but tanru-internal and |
| gugde |
country |
x1 is the
country of peoples x2 with land/territory x3;
(people/territory relationship) |
| gu'i |
fore conn? |
logical connective:
forethought all but tanru-internal connective question |
| gunjubme |
desk |
x1 is a
desk of worker x2 (gunka
'work' + jubme 'table') |
| gunka |
work |
x1 [person]
labors/works on/at x2 [activity] with goal/objective
x3 |
| gunro |
roll |
x1
rolls/trundles on/against surface x2 rotating on
axis/axle x3; x1 is a roller |
| gunta |
attack |
x1
(person/mass) attacks/invades/commits aggression upon victim
x2 with goal/objective x3 |
| guntrusi'o |
Communism |
x1 is a
notion of communism (gunka 'work' +
turni 'govern' + sidbo 'idea') |
| gu'o |
fore iff |
logical connective:
forethought all but tanru-internal
biconditional/iff/if-and-only-if |
| gu'onai |
fore xor |
logical connective:
forethought all but tanru-internal exclusive or |
| gusni |
illumine |
x1 [energy]
is light/illumination illuminating x2 from light source
x3 |
| gusta |
restaurant |
x1 is a
restaurant/cafe/diner serving type-of-food x2 to
audience x3 |
| gu'u |
fore whether |
logical connective:
forethought all but tanru-internal whether-or-not |
| gy |
g |
letteral for g |
| ja |
tanru or |
logical connective:
tanru-internal or |
| jai |
modal conversion |
convert tense/modal
(tagged) place to 1st place; 1st place moves to extra FA place
(fai) |
| jalge |
result |
x1
(action/event/state) is a result/outcome/conclusion of antecedent
x2 (event/state/process) |
| jamfu |
foot |
x1 is a/the
foot [body-part] of x2 |
| jamna |
war |
x1
(person/mass) wars against x2 over territory/matter
x3; x1 is at war with x2 |
| janco |
shoulder |
x1 is a/the
shoulder/hip/joint [body-part] attaching limb/extremity
x2 to body x3 |
| jarbu |
suburb |
x1 is a
suburban area of city/metropolis x2 |
| jarco |
show |
x1 (agent)
shows/exhibits/displays/[reveals]/demonstrates x2
(property) to audience x3 |
| jatna |
captain |
x1 is
captain/commander/leader/in-charge/boss of vehicle/domain
x2 |
| jau |
13 |
digit/number: hex
digit D |
| jbena |
born |
x1 is born
to x2 at time x3 [birthday] and place
x4 [birthplace]; x1 is native to (fo) |
| jbonunsalci |
Logfest |
x1 is an
event of celebrating/recognizing/honoring Lojban with
activity/[party] x2 |
| jdima |
price |
x1 [amount]
is the price of x2 to purchaser/consumer x3
set by vendor x4 |
| jdini |
money |
x1 is
money/currency issued by x2; (adjective:) x1
is financial/monetary/pecuniary/fiscal |
| je |
tanru and |
logical connective:
tanru-internal and |
| jecta |
polity |
x1 is a
polity/state governing territory/domain x2;
[government/territory relationship] |
| jecyga'ibai |
revolutionary |
x1 revolts
against/deposes regime x2 (jecta 'polity' + galfi 'modify' + bapli 'force') |
| je'e |
roger |
vocative: roger (ack)
– negative acknowledge; used to acknowledge offers and
thanks |
| je'i |
tanru conn? |
logical connective:
tanru-internal connective question |
| jelca |
burn |
x1
burns/[ignites/is flammable/inflammable] at temperature
x2 in atmosphere x3 |
| jemna |
gem |
x1 is a
gem/polished stone/pearl of type x2 from
gemstone/material/source x3 |
| jenai |
tanru but not |
logical connective:
tanru-internal x but not y |
| jgari |
grasp |
x1
grasps/holds/clutches/seizes/grips/[hugs] x2 with
x3 (part of x1) at locus x4 (part
of x2) |
| jgira |
pride |
x1 (person)
feels/has pride in/about x2 (abstraction) |
| jgita |
guitar |
x1 is a
guitar/violin/fiddle/harp [stringed musical instrument] with
actuator/plectrum/bow x2 |
| jgitrgitara |
guitar |
x1 is a
guitar |
| jgitrviolino |
violin |
x1 is a
violin |
| ji |
sumti conn? |
logical connective:
sumti afterthought connective question |
| ji'a |
in addition |
discursive:
additionally |
| jikca |
socialize |
x1
interacts/behaves socially with x2; x1
socializes with/is sociable towards x2 |
| jimpe |
understand |
x1
understands/comprehends fact/truth x2 (du'u) about
subject x3; x1 understands (fi)
x3 |
| jinvi |
opine |
x1
thinks/opines x2 [opinion] (du'u) is true about
subject/issue x3 on grounds x4 |
| jipci |
chicken |
x1 is a
chicken/[hen/cock/rooster]/small fowl [a type of bird] of
species/breed x2 |
| jisra |
juice |
x1 is made
of/contains/is a quantity of juice/nectar from-source/of-type
x2 |
| jmina |
add |
x1
adds/combines x2 to/with x3, with result
x4; x1 augments x2 by amount
x3 |
| jmive |
live |
x1 lives/is
alive by standard x2; x1 is an
organism/living thing |
| jo |
tanru iff |
logical connective:
tanru-internal biconditional/iff/if-and-only-if |
| joi |
in a mass with |
non-logical
connective: mixed conjunction; 'and' meaning 'mixed together',
forming a mass |
| jonai |
tanru xor |
logical connective:
tanru-internal exclusive or |
| ju |
tanru whether |
logical connective:
tanru-internal whether-or-not |
| jubme |
table |
x1 is a
table/flat solid upper surface of material x2, supported
by legs/base/pedestal x3 |
| ju'i |
attention |
vocative: attention
– at ease – ignore me |
| jukpa |
cook |
x1
cooks/prepares food-for-eating x2 by recipe/method
x3 (process) |
| jundi |
attentive |
x1 is
attentive towards/attends/tends/pays attention to object/affair
x2 |
| jungo |
Chinese |
x1 reflects
Chinese [Mandarin, Cantonese, Wu, etc.]
culture/nationality/language in aspect x2 |
| junri |
serious |
x1 (person)
is serious/earnest/has gravity about x2
(event/state/activity) |
| ju'o |
certainty |
attitudinal modifier:
certainly – uncertain – certainly not |
| ka |
property abstract |
abstractor:
property/quality abstractor (-ness); x1 is
quality/property exhibited by [bridi] |
| kabri |
cup |
x1 is a
cup/glass/tumbler/mug/vessel/[bowl] containing contents
x2, and of material x3 |
| kakne |
able |
x1 is able
to do/be/capable of doing/being x2 (event/state) under
conditions x3 (event/state) |
| kanla |
cup |
x1 is a/the
eye [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: sensory apparatus];
(adjective:) x1 is ocular |
| kansa |
with |
x1 is
with/accompanies/is a companion of x2, in
state/condition/enterprise x3 (event/state) |
| karbi |
compare |
x1
[observer] compares x2 with x3 in property
x4 (ka), determining comparison x5
(state) |
| karce |
car |
x1 is a
car/automobile/truck/van [a wheeled motor vehicle] for carrying
x2, propelled by x3 |
| karni |
journal |
x1 is a
journal/periodical/magazine/[newspaper] with content x2
published by x3 for audience x4 |
| kau |
indirect question |
discursive: marks word
serving as focus of indirect question |
| ke |
start grouping |
start grouping of
tanru, etc; ... type of ... ; overrides normal tanru left
grouping |
| ke'a |
relativized it |
pro-sumti: relativized
sumti (object of relative clause) |
| ke'e |
end grouping |
elidable terminator:
end of tanru left grouping override (usually elidable) |
| kei |
end abstraction |
elidable terminator:
end abstraction bridi (often elidable) |
| kensa |
outer space |
x1 is outer
space near/associated with celestial body/region x2 |
| ke'o |
please repeat |
vocative: please
repeat |
| kerfa |
hair |
x1 is a/the
hair/fur [body-part] of x2 at body location
x3 |
| ki'a |
textual confusion |
attitudinal question:
confusion about something said |
| ki'e |
thanks |
vocative: thanks
– no thanks to you |
| kijno |
oxygen |
x1 is a
quantity of/contains/is made of oxygen (O) |
| ki'o |
number comma |
digit/number: number
comma; thousands |
| kisto |
Pakistani |
x1 reflects
Pakistani/Pashto culture/nationality/language in aspect
x2 |
| ki'u |
because of reason |
krinu modal, 1st place
(justified by) justifiably; because of reason ... |
| klaji |
street |
x1 is a
street/avenue/lane/drive/cul-de-sac/way/alley/[road] at
x2 accessing x3 |
| klaku |
weep |
x1
weeps/cries tears x2 about/for reason x3
(event/state) |
| klama |
come |
x1
goes/comes to x2 from x3 via x4 by
means x5 |
| ko |
imperative |
pro-sumti: you
(imperative); make it true for you, the listener |
| ko'a |
it #1 |
pro-sumti:
he/she/it/they #1 (specified by goi) |
| ko'e |
it #2 |
pro-sumti:
he/she/it/they #2 (specified by goi) |
| ko'i |
it #3 |
pro-sumti:
he/she/it/they #3 (specified by goi) |
| ko'o |
it #4 |
pro-sumti:
he/she/it/they #4 (specified by goi) |
| ko'u |
it #5 |
pro-sumti:
he/she/it/they #5 (specified by goi) |
| krasi |
origin |
x1
(site/event) is a source/start/beginning/origin of x2
(object/event/process) |
| kratrsenatore |
senator |
x1 is a
senator representing x2 in senate x3 |
| krinu |
reason |
x1
(event/state) is a reason/justification/explanation
for/causing/permitting x2 (event/state) |
| krixa |
cry out |
x1 cries
out/yells/howls sound x2; x1 is a crier |
| ku |
end sumti |
elidable terminator:
end description, modal, or negator sumti; often elidable |
| kucli |
curious |
x1 is
curious/wonders about/is interested in/[inquisitive about]
x2 (object/abstract) |
| ku'i |
however |
iscursive:
however/but/in contrast |
| kukte |
delicious |
x1 is
delicious/tasty/delightful to observer/sense x2 [person,
or sensory activity] |
| kumfa |
room |
x1 is a
room of/in structure x2 surrounded by
partitions/walls/ceiling/floor x3 (mass/jo'u) |
| kunti |
empty |
x1
[container] is empty/vacant of x2 [material];
x1 is hollow |
| ku'o |
end relative
clause |
elidable terminator:
end NOI relative clause; always elidable, but preferred in complex
clauses |
| kurji |
take care of |
x1
takes-care-of/looks after/attends to/provides for/is caretaker for
x2 (object/event/person) |
| ky |
k |
letteral for k |
| kybu |
q |
letteral for q |
| la |
that named |
name descriptor: the
one(s) called ... ; takes name or selbri description |
| la'a |
probability |
discursive: probably
– improbably |
| lacpu |
pull |
x1
pulls/tugs/draws/drags x2 by handle/at locus
x3 |
| ladru |
milk |
x1 is made
of/contains/is a quantity of milk from source x2;
(adjective:) x1 is lactic/dairy |
| la'e di'u |
last utterance it |
pro-sumti: the
referent of the last utterance; the state described |
| la'e |
the referent of |
the referent of
(indirect pointer); uses the referent of a sumti as the desired
sumti |
| la'i |
the set of named |
name descriptor: the
set of those named ... ; takes name or selbri description |
| lai |
the mass of named |
name descriptor: the
mass of individual(s) named ... ; takes name or selbri
description |
| lamji |
adjacent |
x1 is
adjacent/beside/next to/in contact with x2 in
property/sequence x3 in direction x4 |
| lanli |
analyze |
x1
analyzes/examines-in-detail x2 by
method/technique/system x3 [process/activity] |
| lanme |
sheep |
x1 is a
sheep/[lamb/ewe/ram] of species/breed x2 of flock
x3 |
| lante |
can |
x1 is a
can/tightly sealed/pre-sealed container for perishable contents
x2, made of x3 |
| la'o |
the non-Lojban
named |
delimited non-Lojban
name; the resulting quote sumti is treated as a name |
| le |
the described |
non-veridical
descriptor: the one(s) described as ... |
| lebna |
take |
x1
takes/gets/gains/obtains/seizes/[removes] x2
(object/property) from x3 (possessor) |
| le'e |
the stereotypical |
non-veridical
descriptor: the stereotype of those described as ... |
| le'i |
the set described |
non-veridical
descriptor: the set of those described as ..., treated as a
set |
| lei |
the mass
described |
non-veridical
descriptor: the mass of individual(s) described as ... |
| lerci |
late |
x1 (event)
is late by standard x2 |
| le'u |
end error quote |
end quote of
questionable or out-of-context text; not elidable |
| li |
the number |
the number/evaluated
expression; convert number/operand/evaluated math expression to
sumti |
| lidne |
precede |
x1
precedes/leads x2 in sequence x3;
x1 is former/preceding/previous; x2 is
latter/following |
| lifri |
experience |
x1
[person/passive/state] undergoes/experiences x2
(event/experience); x2 happens to x1 |
| lindi |
lightning |
x1 is
lightning/electrical arc/thunderbolt striking at/extending to
x2 from x3 |
| lo |
that which really
is |
veridical descriptor:
the one(s) that really is(are) ... |
| lo'e |
the typical |
veridical descriptor:
the typical one(s) who really is(are) ... |
| logji |
logic |
x1
[rules/methods] is a logic for
deducing/concluding/inferring/reasoning to/about x2
(du'u) |
| lo'i |
the set which really
is |
veridical descriptor:
the set of those that really are ..., treated as a set |
| loi |
the mass which really
is |
veridical descriptor:
the mass of individual(s) that is(are) ... |
| lojbo |
Lojbanic |
x1 reflects
[Loglandic]/Lojbanic language/culture/nationality/community in
aspect x2 |
| lo'o |
end mex sumti |
elidable terminator:
end math expression (mex) sumti; end mex-to-sumti conversion;
usually elidable |
| lo'u |
error quote |
start
questionable/out-of-context quote; text should be Lojban words, but
needn't be grammatical |
| lu'a |
the individuals
of |
the members of the
set/components of the mass; converts another description type to
individuals |
| lujvo |
affix compound |
x1 (text)
is a compound predicate word with meaning x2 and
arguments x3 built from metaphor x4 |
| lunra |
lunar |
x1 is
Earth's moon (default); x1 is a major natural
satellite/moon of planet x2 |
| lu'o |
the mass composed
of |
the mass composed of;
converts another description type to a mass composed of the
members |
| ly |
l |
letteral for l |
| ma |
sumti? |
pro-sumti: sumti
question (what/who/how/why/etc.); appropriately fill in sumti
blank |
| ma'a |
we with you |
pro-sumti: me/we the
speaker(s)/author(s) and you the listener(s) and others
unspecified |
| mabla |
derogative |
x1 is a
derogative connotation/sense of x2 used by
x3; x3 derogates/'curses at' x2 in
form x1 |
| malglico |
derogatorily
English |
x1 is
English/pertains to English-speaking culture in aspect
x2, and is derogatorily viewed by x3
(mabla 'derogative' + glico 'English') |
| malrarbau |
derogatorily natural
language |
x1 is a
natural language, and is derogatorily viewed by x2
(mabla 'derogative' + rarna 'natural' + bangu 'languge') |
| mamta |
mother |
x1 is a
mother of x2; x1 bears/mothers/acts
maternally toward x2; [not necessarily biological] |
| manci |
wonder |
x1 feels
wonder/awe/marvels about x2 |
| manku |
dark |
x1 is
dark/lacking in illumination |
| mansa |
satisfy |
x1
satisfies evaluator x2 in property (ka)/state
x3 |
| masti |
month |
x1 is
x2 months in duration (default is 1 month) by month
standard x3 |
| matcrflokati |
flokati rug |
x1 is a
flokati rug |
| mau |
exceeded by |
zmadu modal, 1st place
(a greater) exceeded by ... ; usually a sumti modifier |
| me |
sumti to selbri |
convert sumti to
selbri/tanru element; x1 is specific to [sumti] in
aspect x2 |
| mebri |
brow |
x1 is a/the
brow/forehead [projecting flat/smooth head/body-part] of
x2 |
| melbi |
beautiful |
x1 is
beautiful/pleasant to x2 in aspect x3 (ka) by
aesthetic standard x4 |
| menli |
mind |
x1 is a
mind/intellect/psyche/mentality/[consciousness] of body
x2 |
| mensi |
sister |
x1 is a
sister of/sororal to x2 by bond/tie/standard/parent(s)
x3; [not necessarily biological] |
| merko |
American |
x1 pertains
to USA/American culture/nationality/dialect in aspect
x2 |
| mi |
me |
pro-sumti: me/we the
speaker(s)/author(s); identified by self-vocative |
| mi'a |
we, not you |
pro-sumti: me/we the
speaker(s)/author(s) and others unspecified, but not you, the
listener |
| mi'e |
self-introduction |
self vocative:
self-introduction – denial of identity; identifies
speaker |
| mikce |
doctor |
x1
doctors/treats/nurses/[cures]/is physician/midwife to x2
for ailment x3 by treatment/cure x4 |
| milxe |
mild |
x1 is
mild/non-extreme/gentle/middling/somewhat in property x2
(ka); x1 is not very x2 |
| minra |
reflect |
x1
reflects/mirrors/echoes x2 [object/radiation] to
observer/point x3 as x4; x2
bounces on x1 |
| mintu |
same |
x1 is the
same/identical thing as x2 by standard x3;
(x1 and x2 interchangeable) |
| mi'o |
me and you |
pro-sumti: me/we the
speaker(s)/author(s) and you the listener(s) |
| misno |
famous |
x1
(person/object/event) is famous/renowned/is a celebrity among
community of persons x2 (mass) |
| mlatu |
cat |
x1 is a
cat/[puss/pussy/kitten] [feline animal] of species/breed
x2; (adjective:) x1 is feline |
| mo |
bridi? |
pro-bridi:
bridi/selbri/brivla question |
| mo'i |
space motion |
mark motions in
space-time |
| moi |
ordinal selbri |
convert number to
ordinal selbri; x1 is (n)th member of set x2
ordered by rule x3 |
| morji |
remember |
x1
remembers/recalls/recollects fact(s)/memory x2 (du'u)
about subject x3 |
| morsi |
dead |
x1 is
dead/has ceased to be alive |
| mo'u |
completive |
interval event
contour: at the natural ending point of ...; completive |
| mrilu |
mail |
x1
mails/posts [transfer via intermediary service] x2 to
x3 from x4 by carrier/network/system
x5 |
| mrobi'o |
die |
x1 dies
under conditions x2 (morsi 'dead' + binxo 'become') |
| mu |
5 |
digit/number: 5 |
| mu'i |
because of motive |
mukti modal, 1st place
because of motive ... |
| mukti |
motive |
x1
(action/event/state) motivates/is a motive/incentive for
action/event x2, per volition of x3 |
| mulno |
complete |
x1 (event)
is complete/done/finished; x1 (object) has become whole
in property x2 by standard x3 |
| munje |
universe |
x1 is a
universe/cosmos [complete and ordered entirety] of domain/sphere
x2 defined by rules x3 |
| mu'o |
over |
vocative: over
(response OK) – more to come |
| mupli |
example |
x1 is an
example/sample/specimen/instance/case/illustration of common
property(s) x2 of set x3 |
| mutce |
much |
x1 is
much/extreme in property x2 (ka), towards x3
extreme/direction; x1 is, in x2, very
x3 |
| mu'u |
exemplified by |
mupli modal, 1st place
exemplified by ... |
| my |
m |
letteral for m |
| na.a |
sumti only if |
logical connective:
sumti afterthought conditional/only if |
| na |
bridi negator |
bridi contradictory
negator; scope is an entire bridi; logically negates in some cmavo
compounds |
| nabmi |
problem |
x1
(event/state) is a problem to/encountered by x2 in
situation/task/inquiry x3 |
| na'e |
scalar contrary |
contrary scalar
negator: other than ...; not ...; a scale or set is implied |
| nagi'a |
bridi only if |
logical connective:
bridi-tail afterthought conditional/only if |
| nai |
negate last word |
attached to cmavo to
negate them; various negation-related meanings |
| naja |
tanru only if |
logical connective:
tanru-internal conditional/only if |
| namcu |
number |
x1 (li) is
a number/quantifier/digit/value/figure (noun); refers to the value
and not the symbol |
| nanba |
bread |
x1 is a
quantity of/contains bread [leavened or unleavened] made from
grains x2 |
| nanca |
year |
x1 is
x2 years in duration (default is 1 year) by standard
x3; (adjective:) x1 is annual |
| nandu |
difficult |
x1 is
difficult/hard/challenging for x2 under conditions
x3; x1 challenges (non-agentive)
x2 |
| nanmu |
man |
x1 is a
man/men; x1 is a male humanoid person [not necessarily
adult] |
| narju |
orange |
x1 is
orange [color adjective] |
| ne'a |
next to |
location tense
relation/direction; approximating/next to ... |
| ne'i |
within |
location tense
relation/direction; within/inside of/into ... |
| nelci |
fond |
x1 is fond
of/likes/has a taste for x2 (object/state) |
| nenri |
in |
x1 is
in/inside/within x2; x1 is on the
inside/interior of x2 [totally within the bounds of
x2] |
| ni |
amount abstract |
abstractor:
quantity/amount abstractor; x1 is quantity/amount of
[bridi] measured on scale x2 |
| ni'a |
below |
location tense
relation/direction; downwards/down from ... |
| nibli |
necessitate |
x1
logically necessitates/entails/implies action/event/state
x2 under rules/logic system x3 |
| nicte |
night |
x1 is a
nighttime of day x2 at location x3;
(adjective:) x1 is at night/nocturnal |
| ni'i |
because of logic |
nibli modal, 1st place
logically; logically because ... |
| nimre |
citrus |
x1 is a
quantity of citrus [fruit/tree, etc.] of species/strain
x2 |
| ninmu |
woman |
x1 is a
woman (any female humanoid person, not necessarily adult) |
| ninpe'i |
meet |
x1 meets
x2 for the first time at location x3
(cnino 'new' + penmi 'meet') |
| ni'o |
new topic |
discursive: paragraph
break; introduce new topic |
| nitcu |
need |
x1
needs/requires/is dependent on/[wants] necessity x2 for
purpose/action/stage of process x3 |
| ni'u |
negative number |
digit/number: minus
sign; negative number); default any negative |
| no |
0 |
digit/number: 0 |
| nobli |
noble |
x1 is
noble/aristocratic/elite/high-born/titled in/under
culture/society/standard x2 |
| no'e |
scalar midpoint
not |
midpoint scalar
negator: neutral point between je'a and to'e; 'not really' |
| noi |
incidental clause |
non-restrictive
relative clause; attaches subordinate bridi with incidental
information |
| no'u |
incidental
identity |
non-restrictive
appositive phrase marker: which incidentally is the same thing as
... |
| nu |
event abstract |
abstractor:
generalized event abstractor; x1 is
state/process/achievement/activity of [bridi] |
| nu'e |
promise |
vocative: promise
– promise release – un-promise |
| nupre |
promise |
x1 (agent)
promises/commits/assures/threatens x2 (event/state) to
x3 [beneficiary/victim] |
| ny |
n |
letteral for n |
| pa |
1 |
digit/number: 1 |
| pagbu |
part |
x1 is a
part/component/piece/portion/segment of x2 [where
x2 is a whole/mass]; x2 is partly
x1 |
| pai |
pi |
digit/number: pi
(approximately 3.1416...) |
| palci |
evil |
x1 is
evil/depraved/wicked [morally bad] by standard x2 |
| patlu |
potato |
x1 is a
potato [an edible tuber] of variety/cultivar x2 |
| pavbudjo |
first Buddhist |
x1 is the
first Buddhist (pa '1' + budjo 'Buddhist') |
| pe |
restrictive
phrase |
restrictive relative
phrase marker: which is associated with ...; loosest
associative/possessive |
| pe'i |
I opine |
evidential: I opine
(subjective claim) |
| pei |
emotion? |
attitudinal:
attitudinal question; how do you feel about it? with what
intensity? |
| pelxu |
yellow |
x1 is
yellow/golden [color adjective] |
| pencu |
touch |
x1 (agent)
touches x2 with x3 [a locus on x1
or an instrument] at x4 [a locus on x2] |
| pendo |
friend |
x1 is/acts
as a friend of/to x2 (experiencer); x2
befriends x1 |
| penmi |
meet |
x1
meets/encounters x2 at/in location x3 |
| pensi |
police |
x1
thinks/considers/cogitates/reasons/is pensive about/reflects upon
subject/concept x2 |
| pesxu |
paste |
x1 is
paste/pulp/dough/mash/mud/slurry [soft, smooth-textured, moist
solid] of composition x2 |
| pe'u |
please |
vocative: please |
| pi so'e |
most of |
number: most of of;
used to refer to a greater portion of something |
| pi |
decimal point |
digit/number: radix
(number base) point; default decimal |
| pi'e |
digit separator |
digit/number:separates
digits for base >16, not current standard, or variable (e.g.
time, date) |
| pilno |
use |
x1
uses/employs x2 [tool, apparatus, machine, agent, acting
entity, material] for purpose x3 |
| pinsi |
pencil |
x1 is a
pencil/crayon/stylus applying lead/marking material x2,
frame/support [of material] x3 |
| pinxe |
drink |
x1 (agent)
drinks/imbibes beverage/drink/liquid refreshment x2
from/out-of container/source x3 |
| pi'o |
used by |
pilno modal, 1st place
used by ... |
| pipno |
piano |
x1 is a
piano/harpsichord/synthesizer/organ; a keyboard musical
instrument |
| plise |
apple |
x1 is an
apple [fruit] of species/strain x2 |
| pluja |
complicated |
x1 is
complex/complicated/involved in aspect/property x2 (ka)
by standard x3 |
| po |
is specific to |
restrictive relative
phrase marker: which is specific to ...; normal possessive
physical/legal |
| po'e |
which belongs to |
restrictive relative
phrase marker: which belongs to ... ; inalienable possession |
| poi |
restrictive
clause |
restrictive relative
clause; attaches subordinate bridi with identifying information to
a sumti |
| ponse |
possess |
x1
possesses/owns/has x2 under law/custom x3;
x1 is owner/proprietor of x2 under
x3 |
| po'u |
restrictive
identity |
restrictive appositive
phrase marker: which is the same thing as |
| prami |
love |
x1
loves/feels strong affectionate devotion towards x2
(object/state) |
| prenu |
person |
x1 is a
person/people (noun) [not necessarily human]; x1
displays personality/a persona |
| preti |
question |
x1 (quoted
text) is a question/query about subject x2 by questioner
x3 to audience x4 |
| pritu |
right |
x1 is to
the right of x2 facing x3 |
| pu |
before |
time tense
relation/direction: did [selbri]; before/prior to [sumti]; default
past tense |
| pulji |
police |
x1 is a
police officer/[enforcer/vigilante] enforcing law(s)/rule(s)/order
x2 |
| pu'o |
anticipative |
interval event
contour: in anticipation of ...; until ... ; inchoative |
| purci |
past |
x1 is in
the past of/earlier than/before x2 in time sequence;
x1 is former; x2 is latter |
| purlamcte |
last night |
x1 is the
night preceding x2 (purci
'past' + lamji 'adjacent' +
nicte 'night') |
| py |
p |
letteral for p |
| ra |
recent sumti |
pro-sumti: a recent
sumti before the last one, as determined by back-counting
rules |
| ractu |
rabbit |
x1 is a
rabbit/hare/[doe] of species/breed x2 |
| rafsi |
affix |
x1 is an
affix/suffix/prefix/combining-form for word/concept x2,
form/properties x3, language x4 |
| rarna |
natural |
x1 is
natural/spontaneous/instinctive, not [consciously] caused by
person(s) |
| rasyjukpa |
fry |
x1 fries
x2 (grasu 'grease' +
jukpa 'cook') |
| re |
2 |
digit/number: 2 |
| rectu |
meat |
x1 is a
quantity of/contains meat/flesh from source/animal
x2 |
| re'i |
ready to receive |
vocative: ready to
receive – not ready to receive |
| rei |
14 |
digit/number: hex
digit E |
| remna |
human |
x1 is a
human/human being/man (non-specific gender-free sense);
(adjective:) x1 is human |
| ri |
last sumti |
pro-sumti: the last
sumti, as determined by back-counting rules |
| ri'a |
because of cause |
rinka modal, 1st place
(phys./mental) causal because ... |
| rinka |
cause |
x1
(event/state) effects/physically causes effect x2
(event/state) under conditions x3 |
| rinsa |
greet |
x1 (agent)
greets/hails/[welcomes/says hello to]/responds to arrival of
x2 in manner x3 (action) |
| rirni |
parent |
x1 is a
parent of/raises/rears x2; x1 mentors/acts
parental toward child/protege x2 |
| ri'u |
on the right of |
location tense
relation/direction; rightwards/to the right of ... |
| ro |
each |
digit/number: each,
all |
| rokci |
rock |
x1 is a
quantity of/is made of/contains rock/stone of type/composition
x2 from location x3 |
| ru |
earlier sumti |
pro-sumti: a remote
past sumti, before all other in-use backcounting sumti |
| ru'e |
weak emotion |
attitudinal: weak
intensity attitude modifier |
| rufsu |
rough |
x1 is
rough/coarse/uneven/[grainy/scabrous/rugged] in
texture/regularity |
| rupnu |
dollar |
x1 is
measured in major-money-units (dollar/yuan/ruble) as x2
(quantity), monetary system x3 |
| ry |
r |
letteral for r |
| sa |
erase utterance |
erase complete or
partial utterance; next word shows how much erasing to do |
| sabji |
provide |
x1 (source)
provides/supplies/furnishes x2 [supply/commodity] to
x3 [recipient] |
| sa'e |
precisely
speaking |
discursive: precisely
speaking – loosely speaking |
| sai |
strong emotion |
attitudinal: moderate
intensity attitude modifier |
| sakta |
sugar |
x1 is made
of/contains/is a quantity of sugar [sweet edible] from source
x2 of composition x3 |
| salci |
celebrate |
x1
celebrates/recognizes/honors x2 (event/abstract) with
activity/[party] x3 |
| sanga |
sing |
x1
sings/chants x2 [song/hymn/melody/melodic sounds] to
audience x3 |
| sanli |
stand |
x1 stands
[is vertically oriented] on surface x2 supported by
limbs/support/pedestal x3 |
| sanmi |
meal |
x1 (mass)
is a meal composed of dishes including x2 |
| saske |
science |
x1 (mass of
facts) is science of/about subject matter x2 based on
methodology x3 |
| sazri |
operate |
x1
operates/drives/runs x2 [apparatus/machine] with
goal/objective/use/end/function x3 |
| se ba'i |
instead of |
basti modal, 2nd place
instead of ... |
| se cau |
without |
claxu modal, 2nd place
(lacking) without ... |
| se du'u |
sentence abstract |
compound abstractor:
sentence/equation abstract; x1 is text expressing
[bridi] which is x2 |
| se ja'e |
results because |
jalge modal, 2nd place
(event causal) results because of ... |
| se pa'u |
as a part of |
pagbu modal, 2nd place
(whole) partially; as a part of ... |
| se si'u |
assisting |
sidju modal, 2nd place
assisting ... (in doing/maintaining something) |
| se |
2nd conversion |
2nd conversion; switch
1st/2nd places |
| se'i |
self-oriented |
attitudinal modifier:
self-oriented – other-oriented |
| selbri |
predicate
relation |
x2 (text)
is a predicate relationship with relation x1 among
arguments (sequence/set) (= se
bridi) |
| selpeicku |
manifesto |
x1 is a
manifesto about topic x2 by author x3 for
audience x4 preserved in medium x5
(pensi 'thought' + cukta 'book') |
| sepli |
apart |
x1 is
apart/separate from x2, separated by
partition/wall/gap/interval/separating medium x3 |
| si |
erase word |
erase the last Lojban
word, treating non-Lojban text as a single word |
| sidbo |
idea |
x1 [person]
labors/works on/at x2 [activity] with goal/objective
x3 |
| sidju |
help |
x1
helps/assists/aids object/person x2 do/achieve/maintain
event/activity x3 |
| simlu |
seem |
x1
seems/appears to have property(ies) x2 to observer
x3 under conditions x4 |
| simsa |
similar |
x1 is
similar/parallel to x2 in property/quantity
x3 (ka/ni); x1 looks/appears like
x2 |
| simxu |
mutual |
x1 (set)
has members who mutually/reciprocally x2 (event
[x1 should be reflexive in 1+ sumti]) |
| si'o |
concept |
abstractor:
idea/concept abstractor; x1 is x2's concept
of [bridi] |
| sisku |
seek |
x1
seeks/searches/looks for property x2 among set
x3 (complete specification of set) |
| sisti |
cease |
x1
ceases/stops/halts activity/process/state x2 [not
necessarily completing it] |
| skapi |
pelt |
x1 is a
pelt/skin/hide/leather from x2 |
| skicu |
describe |
x1 tells
about/describes x2 (object/event/state) to audience
x3 with description x4 (property) |
| skori |
cord |
x1 is
cord/cable/rope/line/twine/cordage/woven strands of material
x2 |
| slabu |
familiar |
x1 is
old/familiar/well-known to observer x2 in feature
x3 (ka) by standard x4 |
| sluni |
onion |
x1 is a
quantity of/contains onions/scallions of type/cultivar
x2 |
| smagau |
quieten |
x1 acts so
that x2 is quiet/silent/[still] at observation point
x3 by standard x4 (smaji 'quiet' + gasnu 'do') |
| smaji |
quiet |
x1 (source)
is quiet/silent/[still] at observation point x2 by
standard x3 |
| snanu |
south |
x1 is to
the south/southern side of x2 according to frame of
reference x3 |
| snuti |
accidental |
x1
(event/state) is an accident/unintentional on the part of
x2; x1 is an accident |
| so |
9 |
digit/number: 9 |
| so'a |
almost all |
digit/number: almost
all (digit/number) |
| sodva |
soda |
x1 is made
of/contains/is a quantity of a carbonated beverage/soda of
flavor/brand x2 |
| so'e |
most |
digit/number:
most |
| so'i |
many |
digit/number:
many |
| soi |
reciprocal sumti |
discursive: reciprocal
sumti marker; indicates a reciprocal relationship between
sumti |
| sonci |
soldier |
x1 is a
soldier/warrior/fighter of army x2 |
| so'o |
several |
digit/number:
several |
| so'u |
few |
digit/number: few |
| spaji |
surprise |
x1
(event/action abstract) surprises/startles/is unexpected [and
generally sudden] to x2 |
| spati |
plant |
x1 is a
plant/herb/greenery of species/strain/cultivar x2 |
| spebi'o |
marry |
x1 marries
x2; x1 becomes a spouse of x2
under law/custom/tradition/system/convention x3
(speni 'spouse' + binxo 'become') |
| speni |
married |
x1 is
married to x2; x1 is a spouse of
x2 under law/custom/tradition/system/convention
x3 |
| spita |
hospital |
x1 is a
hospital treating patient(s) x2 for
condition/injuries/disease/illness x3 |
| spoja |
explode |
x1
bursts/explodes/violently breaks up/decomposes/combusts into
pieces/energy/fragments x2 |
| spuda |
reply |
x1
answers/replies to/responds to
person/object/event/situation/stimulus x2 with response
x3 |
| sruma |
reply |
x1
assumes/supposes that x2 (du'u) is true about subject
x3 |
| stali |
remain |
x1
remains/stays at/abides/lasts with x2 |
| stedu |
head |
x1 is a/the
head [body-part] of x2 |
| stela |
lock |
x1 is a
lock/seal of/on/for sealing x2 with/by locking mechanism
x3 |
| su'e |
at most |
digit/number: at most
(all); no more than |
| su'i |
plus |
n-ary mathematical
operator: plus; addition operator; [(((a + b) + c) + ...)] |
| sumti |
argument |
x1 is a/the
argument of predicate/function x2 filling place
x3 (kind/number) |
| su'o |
at least |
at least some); no
less than |
| sutra |
fast |
x1 is
fast/swift/quick/hastes/rapid at doing/being/bringing about
x2 (event/state) |
| su'u |
unspecified
abstract |
abstractor:
generalized abstractor (how); x1 is [bridi] as a
non-specific abstraction of type x2 |
| sy |
s |
letteral for s |
| ta |
that there |
pro-sumti: that there;
nearby demonstrative it; indicated thing/place near listener |
| ta'a |
interruption |
vocative:
interruption |
| tadni |
study |
x1
studies/is a student of x2; x1 is a scholar;
(adjective:) x1 is scholarly |
| tamne |
cousin |
x1 is
cousin to x2 by bond/tie x3; [non-immediate
family member, default same generation] |
| ta'o |
by the way |
discursive: by the way
– returning to the subject |
| tarci |
star |
x1 is a
star/sun with stellar properties x2 |
| tartcita |
star label |
x1 is a
star-shaped label/tag of x2 showing information
x3 (tarci 'star' +
tcita 'label') |
| tarti |
behave |
x1
behaves/conducts oneself as/in-manner x2
(event/property) under conditions x3 |
| tavla |
talk |
x1
talks/speaks to x2 about subject x3 in
language x4 |
| tcadu |
city |
x1 is a
town/city of metropolitan area x2, in political unit
x3, serving hinterland/region x4 |
| tcetoi |
try hard |
x1 tries
hard to do/attain x2 (event/state/property) by
actions/method x3 (mutce
'much' + troci 'try') |
| tcica |
deceive |
x1
(event/experience) misleads/deceives/dupes/fools/cheats/tricks
x2 into x3 (event/state) |
| tcidu |
talk |
x1 [agent]
reads x2 [text] from surface/document/reading material
x3; x1 is a reader |
| tcika |
time of day |
x1 [hours,
{minutes}, {seconds}] is the time/hour of state/event x2
on day x3 at location x4 |
| tcita |
label |
x1 is a
label/tag of x2 showing information x3 |
| te me'e |
as a name used by |
cmene modal, 3rd place
as a name used by ... |
| te |
3rd conversion |
3rd conversion; switch
1st/2nd places |
| telgau |
lock |
x1 (agent)
makes x2 be a lock/seal of/on/for sealing x3
with/by locking mechanism x4 (stela 'lock' + gasnu 'do') |
| terdi |
earth |
x1 is the
Earth/the home planet of race x2; (adjective:)
x1 is terrestrial/earthbound |
| ti |
this here |
pro-sumti: this here;
immediate demonstrative it; indicated thing/place near speaker |
| ti'a |
behind |
location tense
relation/direction; rearwards/to the rear of ... |
| tigni |
perform |
x1 performs
x2 [performance] for/before audience x3 |
| tinbe |
obey |
x1
obeys/follows the command/rule x2 made by x3;
(adjective:) x1 is obedient |
| tirna |
hear |
x1 hears
x2 against background/noise x3; x2
is audible; (adjective:) x1 is aural |
| tirse |
iron |
x1 is a
quantity of/contains/is made of iron (Fe) |
| ti'u |
associated with
time |
tcika modal, 1st place
(for letters) associated with time ... ; attach time stamp |
| tivni |
television |
x1
[broadcaster] televises programming x2 via media/channel
x3 to television receiver x4 |
| to |
start parenthesis |
left parenthesis;
start of parenthetical note which must be grammatical Lojban
text |
| to'e |
polar opposite |
polar opposite scalar
negator |
| toi |
end parenthesis |
elidable terminator:
right parenthesis/end unquote; seldom elidable except at end of
text |
| to'o |
away from point |
location tense
relation/direction; departing from/directly away from ... |
| traji |
superlative |
x1 is
superlative in property x2 (ka), the x3
extreme (ka; default ka zmadu) among set/range x4 |
| trene |
train |
x1 is a
train [vehicle] of cars/units x2 (mass) for
rails/system/railroad x3, propelled by
x4 |
| troci |
try |
x1
tries/attempts/makes an effort to do/attain x2
(event/state/property) by actions/method x3 |
| tu |
that yonder |
pro-sumti: that
yonder; distant demonstrative it; indicated thing far from speaker
and listener |
| tu'a |
the bridi implied
by |
extracts a concrete
sumti from an unspecified abstraction; equivalent to le nu/su'u
[sumti] co'e |
| tu'e |
start text scope |
start of multiple
utterance scope; used for logical/non-logical/ordinal joining of
sentences |
| tugni |
agree |
x1 [person]
agrees with person(s)/position/side x2 that
x3 (du'u) is true about matter x4 |
| turni |
govern |
x1 [person]
labors/works on/at x2 [activity] with goal/objective
x3 |
| tutra |
territory |
x1 is
territory/domain/space of/belonging to/controlled by
x2 |
| tu'u |
end text scope |
elidable terminator:
end multiple utterance scope; seldom elidable |
| ty |
t |
letteral for t |
| va |
there at |
location tense
distance: near to ... ; there at ...; a medium/small distance from
... |
| vai |
15 |
digit/number: hex
digit F |
| vajni |
important |
x1
(object/event) is important/significant to x2
(person/event) in aspect/for reason x3 (nu/ka) |
| valsi |
word |
x1 is a
word meaning/causing x2 in language x3;
(adjective: x1 is lexical/verbal) |
| vanbi |
environment |
x1
(ind./mass) is part of an environment/surroundings/context/ambience
of x2 |
| vanju |
wine |
x1 is made
of/contains/is a quantity of wine from fruit/grapes
x2 |
| va'o |
under conditions |
vanbi modal, 1st place
(conditions 1) under conditions ...; in environment ... |
| vau |
end simple bridi |
elidable: end of sumti
in simple bridi; in compound bridi, separates common trailing
sumti |
| ve |
4th conversion |
4th conversion; switch
1st/4th places |
| vecnu |
sell |
x1 [seller]
sells/vends x2 [goods/service/commodity] to buyer
x3 for amount/cost/expense x4 |
| venfu |
revenge |
x1 takes
revenge on/retaliates against x2 (person) for wrong
x3 (nu) with vengeance x4 (nu) |
| vensa |
spring |
x1 is
spring/springtime [warming season] of year x2 at
location x3; (adjective:) x1 is vernal |
| vi |
here at |
location tense
distance: here at ... ; at or a very short/tiny distance from
... |
| vi'irku'a |
toilet |
x1 is a
toilet in structure x2 (vikmi 'excrete' + kumfa 'room') |
| vikmi |
excrete |
x1 [body]
excretes waste x2 from source x3 via
means/route x4 |
| vimcu |
remove |
x1
removes/subtracts/deducts/takes away x2 from
x3 with/leaving result/remnant/remainder
x4 |
| vinji |
airplane |
x1 is an
airplane/aircraft [flying vehicle] for carrying passengers/cargo
x2, propelled by x3 |
| vi'o |
wilco |
vocative: wilco (ack
and will comply) |
| viska |
see |
x1
sees/views/perceives visually x2 under conditions
x3 |
| vitke |
guest |
x1 is a
guest/visitor of x2 at place/event x3;
x1 visits x2/x3 |
| vlipa |
powerful |
x1 has the
power to bring about x2 under conditions x3;
x1 is powerful in aspect x2 under
x3 |
| vo |
4 |
digit/number: 4 |
| vo'a |
x1 it |
pro-sumti: repeats 1st
place of main bridi of this sentence |
| vo'e |
x2 it |
pro-sumti: repeats 2nd
place of main bridi of this sentence |
| vofli |
fly |
x1 flies
[in air/atmosphere] using lifting/propulsion means
x2 |
| vo'i |
x3 it |
pro-sumti: repeats 3rd
place of main bridi of this sentence |
| voksa |
voice |
x1 is a
voice/speech sound of individual x2 |
| vo'o |
x4 it |
pro-sumti: repeats 4th
place of main bridi of this sentence |
| vo'u |
x5 it |
pro-sumti: repeats 5th
place of main bridi of this sentence |
| vrude |
virtue |
x1 is
virtuous/saintly/[fine/moral/nice/holy/morally good] by standard
x2 |
| vu |
yonder at |
location tense
distance: far from ... ; yonder at ... ; a long distance from
... |
| vy |
v |
letteral for v |
| vybu |
w |
letteral for w |
| xa |
6 |
digit/numeral: 6 |
| xabju |
dwell |
x1
dwells/lives/resides/abides at/inhabits/is a resident of
location/habitat/nest/home/abode x2 |
| xadba |
half |
x1 is
exactly/approximately half/semi-/demi-/hemi- of x2 by
standard x3 |
| xadni |
body |
x1 is a/the
body/corpus/corpse of x2; (adjective:) x1 is
corporal/corporeal |
| xajmi |
funny |
x1 is
funny/comical to x2 in property/aspect x3
(nu/ka); x3 is what is funny about x1 to
x2 |
| xalfekfri |
drunk |
x1 is
inebriated, drunk (xalka 'alcohol' +
fenki 'crazy' + lifri 'experience') |
| xalka |
alcohol |
x1 is a
quantity of/contains/is made of alcohol of type x2 from
source/process x3 |
| xamgu |
good |
x1 is
good/beneficial/acceptable for x2 by standard
x3 |
| xanka |
nervous |
x1 is
nervous/anxious about x2 (abstraction) under conditions
x3 |
| xanto |
elephant |
x1 is an
elephant of species/breed x2 |
| xatra |
letter |
x1 is a
letter/missive/[note] to intended audience x2 from
author/originator x3 with content x4 |
| xe |
5th conversion |
5th conversion; switch
1st/5th places |
| xebni |
hate |
x1
hates/despises x2 (object/abstraction); x1 is
full of hate for x2; x2 is odious to
x1 |
| xelso |
Greek |
x1 reflects
Greek/Hellenic culture/nationality/language in aspect
x2 |
| xendo |
kind |
x1 (person)
is kind to x2 in actions/behavior x3 |
| xindo |
Hindi |
x1 reflects
Hindi language/culture/religion in aspect x2 |
| xlali |
bad |
x1 is bad
for x2 by standard x3; x1 is
poor/unacceptable to x2 |
| xlura |
influences |
x1 (agent)
influences/lures/tempts x2 into action/state
x3 by influence/threat/lure x4 |
| xo |
number? |
digit/number:
number/digit/lerfu question |
| xrabo |
Arabic |
x1 reflects
Arabic-speaking culture/nationality in aspect x2 |
| xu |
true–false? |
discursive:
true–false question |
| xukmi |
chemical |
x1 is an
instance of substance/chemical/drug x2 (individual or
mass) with purity x3 |
| xumske |
chemistry |
x1 is
chemistry based on methodology x2 (xukmi 'chemical' + saske 'science') |
| xunre |
red |
x1 is
red/crimson/ruddy [color adjective] |
| xy |
x |
letteral for x |
| za |
medium time |
time tense distance:
medium distance in time |
| zanru |
approve |
x1 approves
of/gives favor to plan/action x2 (object/event) |
| zbasu |
make |
x1
makes/assembles/builds/manufactures/creates x2 out of
materials/parts/components x3 |
| zdani |
nest |
x1 is a
nest/house/lair/den/[home] of/for x2 |
| zdile |
amusing |
x1
(abstract) is amusing/entertaining to x2 in
property/aspect x3; x3 is what amuses
x2 about x1 |
| ze |
7 |
digit/number: 7 |
| ze'a |
medium time
interval |
time tense interval: a
medium length of time |
| ze'i |
short time
interval |
time tense interval:
an instantaneous/tiny/short amount of time |
| zekri |
crime |
x1
(event/state) is a punishable crime/[taboo/sin] to
people/culture/judges/jury x2 |
| zergle |
sexual crime |
x1
copulates with x2, which is a punishable crime to
people/culture/judges/jury x3 (zekri 'crime' + gletu 'copulate') |
| zerle'a |
steal |
x1
takes/gets/gains/obtains/seizes/[removes] x2
(object/property) from x3 (possessor), which is a
punishable crime/[taboo/sin] to people/culture/judges/jury
x4 (zekri 'crime' +
lebna 'take') |
| ze'u |
long time
interval |
time tense interval: a
long amount of time |
| zgana |
observe |
x1
observes/[notices]/watches/beholds x2 using senses/means
x3 under conditions x4 |
| zgike |
music |
x1 is music
performed/produced by x2 (event) |
| zi |
short time |
time tense distance:
instantaneous-to-short distance in time |
| zi'e |
relative clause
joiner |
joins relative clauses
which apply to the same sumti |
| zirpu |
purple |
x1 is
purple/violet [color adjective] |
| ziryrai |
purplest |
x1 is the
most purple/violet [color adjective] among set/range x2
(zirpu 'purple' + traji 'superlative') |
| zmadu |
more |
x1
exceeds/is more than x2 in property/quantity
x3 (ka/ni) by amount/excess x4 |
| zo |
one-word quote |
quote next word only;
quotes a single Lojban word (not a cmavo compound or tanru) |
| zo'e |
unspecified it |
pro-sumti: an
elliptical/unspecified value; has some value which makes bridi
true |
| zoi |
non-Lojban quote |
delimited non-Lojban
quotation; the result treated as a block of text |
| zo'o |
humorously |
attitudinal modifier:
humorously – dully – seriously |
| zu |
long time |
time tense distance:
long distance in time |
| zu'a |
on the left of |
location tense
relation/direction; leftwards/to the left of ... |
| zutse |
sit |
x1 sits
[assumes sitting position] on surface x2 |
| zu'u |
on the one hand |
discursive: on the one
hand – on the other hand |
| zvati |
at |
x1
(object/event) is at/attending/present at x2
(event/location) |
| zy |
z |
letteral for z |